The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA), which was finalized in 1994, has been widely recognized as a major turning point in the global trade of agricultural products. The main objective of the agreement was to reduce and eventually eliminate trade barriers and distortions in the agriculture sector, leading to greater liberalization and internationalization of agricultural markets.

One of the most significant effects of the URAA was the gradual reduction of agricultural subsidies and the removal of other forms of government support, such as price controls and import restrictions. These subsidies had long been a major source of tension among trading nations, as they often distorted market prices and unfairly advantaged some producers over others. By phasing out subsidies and other forms of support, the URAA sought to level the playing field and encourage competition among farmers and agribusinesses.

Another major effect of the URAA was the opening up of new markets for agricultural products. Prior to the agreement, many countries had imposed high tariffs and other barriers to protect their domestic agricultural industries. Under the URAA, these barriers were gradually reduced or eliminated, allowing farmers and agribusinesses to access new markets and expand their customer base. This increased competition has led to lower prices for consumers and greater efficiency in the agriculture sector overall.

The URAA also had an impact on the environment, as it encouraged farmers to adopt more sustainable and environmentally-friendly practices. With subsidies and other forms of government support being phased out, farmers were forced to become more efficient and innovative in order to remain competitive. Many farmers have since embraced sustainable agriculture practices, such as crop rotation, conservation tillage, and precision farming, which have helped to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture.

In summary, the URAA has had a profound effect on the agriculture sector, leading to greater market liberalization, increased competition, and a more sustainable approach to farming. While there have been some challenges and controversies along the way, the overall impact of the URAA has been overwhelmingly positive for farmers, agribusinesses, and consumers around the world.